Air Quality
Outdoor and indoor air pollution, and its effect on respiratory and cardiovascular health.
Last revised
Key takeaways
- Main outdoor pollutants of concern: particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide
- Indoor sources: cooking, wood burning, candles, damp and mould
- Most useful single change: Ventilate while cooking and after showering.
- Commonest mistake: Wood and coal burning indoors where avoidable.
- See a doctor if any of the signs under "When to get help" below apply to you.
Why it matters
It is associated with worsening asthma and COPD and with cardiovascular events, and indoor sources are frequently overlooked.
The numbers, in one place
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| Main outdoor pollutants of concern | particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide |
| Indoor sources | cooking, wood burning, candles, damp and mould |
| Damp and mould | associated with respiratory illness, especially in children |
| Landlords in England | legally required to address damp and mould hazards |
What helps
- Ventilate while cooking and after showering
- Address damp and mould at source rather than painting over it
- Check local air quality forecasts if you have asthma or COPD
- Use quieter roads and back streets when walking or cycling
What to avoid
- Wood and coal burning indoors where avoidable
- Drying washing indoors without ventilation
- Ignoring visible mould growth
Where to go next
- The First Steps With Air Quality
- A Q and A on Air Quality
- The Evidence on Pneumonia, Without the Hype
- Breathing Exercises: What Published Guidance Supports
When to get help
Contact a GP if your asthma or COPD symptoms worsen with air quality, and follow your action plan. If you live in rented housing with damp or mould, report it to your landlord in writing; in England they are legally required to act. Call 999 for severe breathlessness or inability to speak in full sentences.
Where this comes from
- UK Health Security Agency — air pollution and health
- Asthma + Lung UK — air pollution
How this page was put together
Every figure, recommendation and warning above is taken from the guidance named in Where this comes from. Nothing on this page is inferred, summarised or generalised beyond what those bodies publish: where they give a number, it is their number, and where they are silent, so are we. Pages are rebuilt whenever the underlying record changes. Sign-off by a named clinician, where it has happened, is shown at the top of the page along with the date.
Medical disclaimer
This article is general information, not medical advice. It cannot account for your own history, medication or circumstances. Always speak to a GP, pharmacist or another qualified health professional before making changes that affect your treatment, and never delay seeking medical advice because of something you have read here. In an emergency, call 999.