Antibiotic Stewardship
Using antibiotics only when they will help, and exactly as prescribed.
Last revised
Key takeaways
- Ineffective against: colds, flu, most sore throats and most coughs
- Green mucus: immune activity, not bacterial infection
- Most useful single change: Ask what would change the picture and when to come back.
- Commonest mistake: Pressing for antibiotics for viral illness.
- See a doctor if any of the signs under "When to get help" below apply to you.
Why it matters
Resistance is attributed to over a million deaths a year globally, and most community prescribing is for illnesses antibiotics cannot treat.
The numbers, in one place
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| Ineffective against | colds, flu, most sore throats and most coughs |
| Green mucus | immune activity, not bacterial infection |
| Delayed prescription | reduces use without worsening outcomes |
| Unused antibiotics | return to a pharmacy |
What helps
- Ask what would change the picture and when to come back
- Accept a delayed prescription where it is offered
- Finish the course exactly as prescribed when they are indicated
What to avoid
- Pressing for antibiotics for viral illness
- Taking leftovers or someone else's
- Stopping early because you feel better
Where to go next
- Understanding Antibiotic Stewardship: A Plain-English Explainer
- Antibiotic Stewardship: A Practical Checklist
- What the Guidance Really Says About Medicines and Driving
- Storing Medicines: What Published Guidance Supports
When to get help
Seek urgent advice for a spreading red area of skin, a high fever with confusion, difficulty breathing, or a rash that does not fade under pressure. Symptoms that improve and then suddenly worsen also need same-day assessment.
Where this comes from
- NICE — Antimicrobial stewardship
- UK Health Security Agency — antimicrobial resistance
How this page was put together
Every figure, recommendation and warning above is taken from the guidance named in Where this comes from. Nothing on this page is inferred, summarised or generalised beyond what those bodies publish: where they give a number, it is their number, and where they are silent, so are we. Pages are rebuilt whenever the underlying record changes. Sign-off by a named clinician, where it has happened, is shown at the top of the page along with the date.
Medical disclaimer
This article is general information, not medical advice. It cannot account for your own history, medication or circumstances. Always speak to a GP, pharmacist or another qualified health professional before making changes that affect your treatment, and never delay seeking medical advice because of something you have read here. In an emergency, call 999.