Blood in Urine: What To Do
Visible or microscopic blood in the urine, known as haematuria.
Last revised
It has many benign causes and is also one of the clearest warning signs of bladder and kidney cancer, so it always needs explaining.
Key takeaways
- Visible haematuria: always needs investigation
- Non-visible haematuria: found on dipstick; also needs assessment
- Most useful single change: Report any visible blood in urine, even once.
- Commonest mistake: Assuming it was a one-off if it settles.
- See a doctor if any of the signs under "When to get help" below apply to you.
Do
- Report any visible blood in urine, even once
- Mention smoking history, which raises bladder cancer risk substantially
- Note whether there was pain, which points towards stones or infection
- Attend the investigations offered, usually imaging and cystoscopy
Do not
- Assuming it was a one-off if it settles
- Attributing it to exercise without assessment
- Delaying because there is no pain; painless bleeding is more concerning
The figures behind the list
Each item above follows from these, published in the guidance named at the foot of the page.
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| Visible haematuria | always needs investigation |
| Non-visible haematuria | found on dipstick; also needs assessment |
| Common benign causes | infection, stones, vigorous exercise, menstruation |
| Referral | urgent for visible haematuria over 45 |
Where to go next
- Blood in Urine: Just the Figures
- The Evidence on Blood in Urine, Without the Hype
- Blood in Urine — the reference entry
- Fluid and Kidney Health: What Published Guidance Supports
- What the Guidance Really Says About Diabetes and the Kidneys
When to get help
See a GP promptly for any visible blood in the urine, even a single episode that settles. Seek urgent help for blood in urine with fever, flank pain and vomiting, or with inability to pass urine. Painless visible haematuria over 45 warrants urgent referral.
Where this comes from
How this page was put together
Every figure, recommendation and warning above is taken from the guidance named in Where this comes from. Nothing on this page is inferred, summarised or generalised beyond what those bodies publish: where they give a number, it is their number, and where they are silent, so are we. Pages are rebuilt whenever the underlying record changes. Sign-off by a named clinician, where it has happened, is shown at the top of the page along with the date.
Medical disclaimer
This article is general information, not medical advice. It cannot account for your own history, medication or circumstances. Always speak to a GP, pharmacist or another qualified health professional before making changes that affect your treatment, and never delay seeking medical advice because of something you have read here. In an emergency, call 999.