Low Back Pain
Pain in the lower back, most often with no identifiable structural cause.
Last revised
Key takeaways
- Most common type: non-specific low back pain
- Imaging: not recommended routinely; findings correlate poorly with pain
- Most useful single change: Keep moving and continue normal activities as far as pain allows.
- Commonest mistake: Bed rest beyond a day or two.
- See a doctor if any of the signs under "When to get help" below apply to you.
Why it matters
Most episodes settle within weeks, and the strongest predictor of a poor outcome is resting and avoiding movement.
The numbers, in one place
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| Most common type | non-specific low back pain |
| Imaging | not recommended routinely; findings correlate poorly with pain |
| First-line advice | stay active and continue normal activities |
| Bed rest | not recommended |
| Recommended | exercise programmes, and manual therapy as part of a package |
What helps
- Keep moving and continue normal activities as far as pain allows
- Use exercise as treatment rather than waiting to be pain-free first
- Use simple analgesia short-term to enable movement
- Return to work early, with adjustments if needed
What to avoid
- Bed rest beyond a day or two
- Requesting scans for uncomplicated back pain
- Assuming pain equals damage
Where to go next
- Making Sense of Low Back Pain
- Low Back Pain: The Practical To-Do List
- What the Guidance Really Says About Sciatica
- Neck Pain: What the Evidence Actually Says
When to get help
Seek emergency care for numbness around the genitals or back passage, difficulty passing or controlling urine, loss of bowel control, or weakness in both legs — cauda equina syndrome is a surgical emergency. See a GP urgently for back pain with fever, unexplained weight loss, a history of cancer, recent significant trauma, or pain worse at night and not relieved by lying down.
Where this comes from
How this page was put together
Every figure, recommendation and warning above is taken from the guidance named in Where this comes from. Nothing on this page is inferred, summarised or generalised beyond what those bodies publish: where they give a number, it is their number, and where they are silent, so are we. Pages are rebuilt whenever the underlying record changes. Sign-off by a named clinician, where it has happened, is shown at the top of the page along with the date.
Medical disclaimer
This article is general information, not medical advice. It cannot account for your own history, medication or circumstances. Always speak to a GP, pharmacist or another qualified health professional before making changes that affect your treatment, and never delay seeking medical advice because of something you have read here. In an emergency, call 999.