Severe Bleeding
Controlling blood loss that will not stop on its own.
Last revised
Key takeaways
- First action: firm direct pressure on the wound
- Do not remove: an embedded object; press around it
- Most useful single change: Apply firm continuous pressure with whatever is to hand.
- Commonest mistake: Lifting the dressing to check, which restarts the bleeding.
- See a doctor if any of the signs under "When to get help" below apply to you.
Why it matters
Direct pressure controls most bleeding, and hesitation rather than technique is usually the problem.
The numbers, in one place
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| First action | firm direct pressure on the wound |
| Do not remove | an embedded object; press around it |
| Elevation | helps for a limb, alongside pressure |
| Tourniquets | for catastrophic limb bleeding, by trained responders where available |
What helps
- Apply firm continuous pressure with whatever is to hand
- Call 999 and keep pressing
- Keep the person warm and lying down
What to avoid
- Lifting the dressing to check, which restarts the bleeding
- Removing an embedded object
Where to go next
- A Q and A on Severe Bleeding
- The Short Guide to Severe Bleeding
- Anaphylaxis: Emergency Response: What the Evidence Actually Says
- What the Guidance Really Says About Suspected Stroke
When to get help
Call 999 for bleeding that will not stop with firm pressure after ten minutes, spurting blood, a large wound, or signs of shock: pale clammy skin, rapid breathing, confusion or fainting. Anyone on anticoagulants who is bleeding needs urgent assessment.
Where this comes from
- Resuscitation Council UK — first aid guidance
- NHS — Cuts and grazes
How this page was put together
Every figure, recommendation and warning above is taken from the guidance named in Where this comes from. Nothing on this page is inferred, summarised or generalised beyond what those bodies publish: where they give a number, it is their number, and where they are silent, so are we. Pages are rebuilt whenever the underlying record changes. Sign-off by a named clinician, where it has happened, is shown at the top of the page along with the date.
Medical disclaimer
This article is general information, not medical advice. It cannot account for your own history, medication or circumstances. Always speak to a GP, pharmacist or another qualified health professional before making changes that affect your treatment, and never delay seeking medical advice because of something you have read here. In an emergency, call 999.