Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia
Inherited conditions affecting haemoglobin structure or production.
Last revised
Key takeaways
- Screening: offered in pregnancy and through newborn blood spot testing
- Carrier status: usually causes no symptoms but matters for family planning
- Most useful single change: Accept antenatal and newborn screening.
- Commonest mistake: Assuming carrier status has no implications for your children.
- See a doctor if any of the signs under "When to get help" below apply to you.
Why it matters
They are screened for in pregnancy and at birth, and carrier status matters for family planning.
The numbers, in one place
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| Screening | offered in pregnancy and through newborn blood spot testing |
| Carrier status | usually causes no symptoms but matters for family planning |
| Sickle cell crisis | severe pain, often triggered by cold, dehydration or infection |
| Higher prevalence | in African, Caribbean, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and South Asian backgrounds |
| HbA1c | unreliable in haemoglobinopathies |
What helps
- Accept antenatal and newborn screening
- Ask about carrier testing if it runs in your family or background
- Keep warm and well hydrated if you have sickle cell disease
- Keep vaccinations up to date; infection risk is raised
What to avoid
- Assuming carrier status has no implications for your children
- Dehydration and sudden temperature change in sickle cell disease
- Delaying assessment during a painful episode
Where to go next
- Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia: A Beginner-Friendly Start
- A Q and A on Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia
- What the Guidance Really Says About High Platelet and White Cell Counts
- Bruising and Bleeding: Sorting the Evidence From the Noise
When to get help
Seek urgent medical help during a sickle cell crisis for severe pain not controlled at home, fever, chest pain, breathlessness, a painful erection lasting more than two hours, sudden weakness, or abdominal swelling. Any fever in sickle cell disease needs same-day assessment because of infection risk.
Where this comes from
How this page was put together
Every figure, recommendation and warning above is taken from the guidance named in Where this comes from. Nothing on this page is inferred, summarised or generalised beyond what those bodies publish: where they give a number, it is their number, and where they are silent, so are we. Pages are rebuilt whenever the underlying record changes. Sign-off by a named clinician, where it has happened, is shown at the top of the page along with the date.
Medical disclaimer
This article is general information, not medical advice. It cannot account for your own history, medication or circumstances. Always speak to a GP, pharmacist or another qualified health professional before making changes that affect your treatment, and never delay seeking medical advice because of something you have read here. In an emergency, call 999.