Sports Injuries
Acute injuries to muscle, ligament, tendon or bone sustained during activity.
Last revised
Key takeaways
- Early management: protect, rest briefly, ice, compress, elevate
- Return to movement: early and gradual, rather than prolonged rest
- Most useful single change: Use ice and compression in the first 48 hours.
- Commonest mistake: Returning to sport while still symptomatic, especially after head injury.
- See a doctor if any of the signs under "When to get help" below apply to you.
Why it matters
The first 48 hours and the return-to-activity decision determine most of the outcome, and both are commonly got wrong.
The numbers, in one place
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| Early management | protect, rest briefly, ice, compress, elevate |
| Return to movement | early and gradual, rather than prolonged rest |
| Red flag for fracture | inability to weight-bear, or point tenderness over bone |
| Head injury | any suspected concussion means immediate removal from play |
| Graduated return after concussion | follow a formal protocol |
What helps
- Use ice and compression in the first 48 hours
- Begin gentle movement early rather than immobilising for weeks
- Progress load gradually and address the cause
- Follow a formal graduated return protocol after any concussion
What to avoid
- Returning to sport while still symptomatic, especially after head injury
- Prolonged complete rest
- Heat or alcohol in the first 48 hours after an acute injury
Where to go next
- New to Sports Injuries? Start Here
- Sports Injuries: The Questions People Actually Ask
- What the Guidance Really Says About Osteoarthritis
- Osteoporosis: What Published Guidance Supports
When to get help
Call 999 for a suspected fracture with deformity, an inability to move a limb, or any head injury with loss of consciousness, vomiting, worsening headache, confusion, seizure or drowsiness. Never return to play the same day after a suspected concussion. Seek urgent assessment for a joint that gives way or a sudden pop with immediate swelling.
Where this comes from
How this page was put together
Every figure, recommendation and warning above is taken from the guidance named in Where this comes from. Nothing on this page is inferred, summarised or generalised beyond what those bodies publish: where they give a number, it is their number, and where they are silent, so are we. Pages are rebuilt whenever the underlying record changes. Sign-off by a named clinician, where it has happened, is shown at the top of the page along with the date.
Medical disclaimer
This article is general information, not medical advice. It cannot account for your own history, medication or circumstances. Always speak to a GP, pharmacist or another qualified health professional before making changes that affect your treatment, and never delay seeking medical advice because of something you have read here. In an emergency, call 999.