Warming Up and Cooling Down
Raising tissue temperature and rehearsing the movement before training, and returning gradually afterwards.
Last revised
Key takeaways
- Useful warm-up length: 5-10 minutes
- Structure: raise the pulse, mobilise the joints, rehearse the movement
- Most useful single change: Start the session with a lighter set of the movement you are about to do.
- Commonest mistake: Long static stretches immediately before heavy or explosive work.
- See a doctor if any of the signs under "When to get help" below apply to you.
Why it matters
A warm-up that rehearses the movement prepares you for it; static stretching before power work does not, and can briefly reduce force output.
The numbers, in one place
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| Useful warm-up length | 5-10 minutes |
| Structure | raise the pulse, mobilise the joints, rehearse the movement |
| Dynamic stretching | before training |
| Static stretching | after training, or in a separate session |
| Flexibility guidance | activities improving flexibility on 2 days a week |
What helps
- Start the session with a lighter set of the movement you are about to do
- Raise your pulse for a few minutes before anything demanding
- Keep static stretching for after, when tissue is warm
- Warm up longer in cold weather and when older
What to avoid
- Long static stretches immediately before heavy or explosive work
- Skipping the warm-up because the session is short
- Stretching into sharp pain rather than mild tension
Where to go next
- Warming Up and Cooling Down, Explained Without the Jargon
- The Warming Up and Cooling Down Checklist: What to Do and What to Skip
- Exercise Recovery: What the Evidence Actually Says
- What the Guidance Really Says About Home Workouts
When to get help
Stop and seek assessment for sharp pain, a popping or tearing sensation, sudden loss of strength, or a joint that gives way. Calf pain with swelling and warmth needs urgent assessment for a deep vein thrombosis.
Where this comes from
How this page was put together
Every figure, recommendation and warning above is taken from the guidance named in Where this comes from. Nothing on this page is inferred, summarised or generalised beyond what those bodies publish: where they give a number, it is their number, and where they are silent, so are we. Pages are rebuilt whenever the underlying record changes. Sign-off by a named clinician, where it has happened, is shown at the top of the page along with the date.
Medical disclaimer
This article is general information, not medical advice. It cannot account for your own history, medication or circumstances. Always speak to a GP, pharmacist or another qualified health professional before making changes that affect your treatment, and never delay seeking medical advice because of something you have read here. In an emergency, call 999.