A Q and A on Coeliac Disease

An autoimmune condition in which gluten damages the lining of the small intestine.

Key takeaways

• Trigger: gluten, found in wheat, barley and rye
• Testing: blood tests, then usually an endoscopy with biopsy
• Most useful single change: Ask for testing before removing gluten from your diet.
• Commonest mistake: Going gluten-free before testing, which invalidates the results.
• See a doctor if any of the signs under "When to speak to a doctor" below apply to you.

What is Coeliac Disease?

An autoimmune condition in which gluten damages the lining of the small intestine.

Why does it matter?

It is substantially underdiagnosed, and removing gluten before testing makes the diagnosis much harder to establish.

What is the single most useful thing to do?

Ask for testing before removing gluten from your diet.

What is the most common mistake?

Going gluten-free before testing, which invalidates the results.

When should I see a doctor?

See a GP for persistent diarrhoea, bloating, unexplained weight loss, mouth ulcers, fatigue or iron deficiency anaemia. Do not remove gluten before testing. Seek urgent assessment for severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting or blood in the stool.

Where to go next

• The Short Guide to Coeliac Disease
• Coeliac Disease: What Published Guidance Supports
• Coeliac Disease — the reference entry
• Bloating: Sorting the Evidence From the Noise
• Diarrhoea: What Published Guidance Supports

When to speak to a doctor

See a GP for persistent diarrhoea, bloating, unexplained weight loss, mouth ulcers, fatigue or iron deficiency anaemia. Do not remove gluten before testing. Seek urgent assessment for severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting or blood in the stool.

Where this comes from

• NICE — Coeliac disease: recognition, assessment and management
• Coeliac UK — getting diagnosed

How this page was put together

Every figure, recommendation and warning above is taken from the guidance named in Where this comes from. Nothing on this page is inferred, summarised or generalised beyond what those bodies publish: where they give a number, it is their number, and where they are silent, so are we. Pages are rebuilt whenever the underlying record changes. Sign-off by a named clinician, where it has happened, is shown at the top of the page along with the date.

Medical disclaimer

This article is general information, not medical advice. It cannot account for your own history, medication or circumstances. Always speak to a GP, pharmacist or another qualified health professional before making changes that affect your treatment, and never delay seeking medical advice because of something you have read here. In an emergency, call 999.